PJM is North America’s largest power market, covering all or a portion of 13 states and Washington DC, and serving a population of 65 million. Demand growth varies substantially across PJM’s footprint with more rapid growth in the southeast due to data center demand. Historically coal and nuclear have been the primary source of supply though low-cost gas from the …

The California ISO provides open and non-discriminatory access to the bulk of the state’s wholesale transmission grid, supported by a competitive energy market and comprehensive infrastructure planning efforts. Power demand is primarily supplied by natural gas, with hydro and solar supplying the majority of renewable generation. Due to strong solar resources and generous incentives, PV capacity experienced an exceptional rise …

The New England power market serves six states in the US Northeast and is the smallest competitive power market in the US. Power demand is primarily supplied by natural gas and nuclear, with hydro and biomass supplying the majority of renewable generation.

New York is the second smallest competitive market in the US, with most of its load concentrated in the south around New York City. Most generation is located upstate and includes a mix of natural gas, nuclear and hydro which makes up ~15-20% of generation. The state has a target of supplying 50% of generation from renewables by 2030.

The West covers all or a portion of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. The West region is part of the wider Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) which is responsible for coordinating and promoting Bulk Electric System reliability in the Western Interconnection. The region is dominated by large, vertically-integrated utilities with …

Ontario completely phased out coal generation in 2014, and replaced it with increased wind, solar and natural gas generation. The province now generates 58% of its electricity from 18 of Canada’s 19 CANDU nuclear reactors. In 2016, hydro was Ontario’s second largest source of electricity. Non-hydro renewables experienced strong growth under the feed-in-tariff program, with solar capacity increasing by ~30% …

The Southeast region is assumed to be comprised of all or parts of Kentucky, Tennessee, the Carolinas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. The region is dominated by large, vertically-integrated utilities (Southern Co., Duke Energy Corp., and Tennessee Valley Authority) with a history of self-build as the primary buyers and suppliers of power, with no significant plans to implement an …

Hawaii’s power needs is primarily serviced by two electric utilities: Hawaiian Electric Industries Inc. (HEI) and Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC). HEI is the largest supplier of electricity in the state and serves 95% Hawaii’s population through its subsidiaries, Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO), Maui Electric Company (MECO) and Hawaii Electric Light Company (HELCO). Hawaii relies heavily on oil/petroleum for its …

Quebec produced 95% of its electricity from hydro in 2016. Wind generation increased significantly in that time span; the province now has the second highest wind generation in Canada, after Ontario. Rural communities in northern Quebec that are not connected to the grid rely on diesel and oil for power generation. Quebec ceased nuclear generation in 2012 when the Gentilly-2 …

B.C.’s natural geography and public policies have contributed to the establishment of hydro as the province’s largest source of electricity. Biomass was the second largest source of electricity, mainly consuming wood waste from the forestry, and pulp and paper industries. This is the highest biomass share of any province or territory in Canada.