The California ISO provides open and non-discriminatory access to the bulk of the state’s wholesale transmission grid, supported by a competitive energy market and comprehensive infrastructure planning efforts. Power demand is primarily supplied by natural gas, with hydro and solar supplying the majority of renewable generation. Due to strong solar resources and generous incentives, PV capacity experienced an exceptional rise …

New York is the second smallest competitive market in the US, with most of its load concentrated in the south around New York City. Most generation is located upstate and includes a mix of natural gas, nuclear and hydro which makes up ~15-20% of generation. The state has a target of supplying 50% of generation from renewables by 2030.

Ontario completely phased out coal generation in 2014, and replaced it with increased wind, solar and natural gas generation. The province now generates 58% of its electricity from 18 of Canada’s 19 CANDU nuclear reactors. In 2016, hydro was Ontario’s second largest source of electricity. Non-hydro renewables experienced strong growth under the feed-in-tariff program, with solar capacity increasing by ~30% …

The Southeast region is assumed to be comprised of all or parts of Kentucky, Tennessee, the Carolinas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. The region is dominated by large, vertically-integrated utilities (Southern Co., Duke Energy Corp., and Tennessee Valley Authority) with a history of self-build as the primary buyers and suppliers of power, with no significant plans to implement an …

Hawaii’s power needs is primarily serviced by two electric utilities: Hawaiian Electric Industries Inc. (HEI) and Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC). HEI is the largest supplier of electricity in the state and serves 95% Hawaii’s population through its subsidiaries, Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO), Maui Electric Company (MECO) and Hawaii Electric Light Company (HELCO). Hawaii relies heavily on oil/petroleum for its …

Quebec produced 95% of its electricity from hydro in 2016. Wind generation increased significantly in that time span; the province now has the second highest wind generation in Canada, after Ontario. Rural communities in northern Quebec that are not connected to the grid rely on diesel and oil for power generation. Quebec ceased nuclear generation in 2012 when the Gentilly-2 …

B.C.’s natural geography and public policies have contributed to the establishment of hydro as the province’s largest source of electricity. Biomass was the second largest source of electricity, mainly consuming wood waste from the forestry, and pulp and paper industries. This is the highest biomass share of any province or territory in Canada.

MISO operates competitive wholesale electricity markets in the Midcontinent region that encompasses all or parts of 15 U.S. states and the Canadian province of Manitoba. Thermal resources produce the bulk of MISO’s electricity with coal and gas combining for nearly 75% of generation. Due to good quality resources, wind represents the majority of renewable generation in the Midcontinent region.

The Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) manages the flow of electric power for about 90% of the state’s electric load. The ERCOT grid covers approximately 75% of the land area in Texas. ERCOT has the greatest wind capacity (installed) of any state in the US. Despite good wind resources, natural gas remains the leading technology, both for generation and …

The Southwest Power Pool (SPP) oversees the bulk electric grid and wholesale power market in the central US on behalf of utilities and transmission companies in all or parts of14 states: Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming. While coal and natural gas are the two major thermal sources …